Friday, June 29, 2012

Socio-Technical Systems and Organizational Values

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Modern organizations define themselves using statements of vision. They state their foresight in terms of human resources and technology, a socio-technical view. Modern organizations also define themselves in terms of values. New employees entering the club learn the value law from employees with longevity in it. How organizations concentrate socio-technical systems as a reinforcement tool of their value law is the focus of this paper.

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Values

In business, small and large, values conclude course the business sets for itself. Yukl (2006) defines values as key statements of an organization. The value statement is ideological, what the club considers important. Many values find their way into organizations including customer service, innovation, satisfaction of internal and external constituents, and excellence. Yulk’s view of values suggests something deeper. Organizational values and value creation are the soul of competing edge, competing advantage.

Hill and Jones (1998) write of supervision values as statements of how managers will show the way themselves and how they will do business. Managers in high performing businesses show the way themselves with stakeholders in mind. Winston (2002) suggests that high performing leaders accept the values of the club as being of higher consequence and importance.

Systems

Values of an club (customer service, innovation, satisfaction) imply an club is a system. Senge (1990) tells us that organizations are organic systems of interconnected and interrelated sub-groups. This suggests more than brick and mortar structures, it suggests organizations of people, technology, and collective interaction. Technology, according to Davis (1996), is a “conceptual bridge” in the middle of science and economics. This link gives form to how organizations manage. Conversely, Wren (2005) presents the view of technological convert being disturbing to the collective law of an organization. Socio-technical systems offer leverage to dispel the disturbing nature of change.

Socio-Technical Systems

Lee (2000) explains collective of the socio-technical systems as the habitual attitudes of people. He includes the relationships in the middle of people with their values and behavioral styles. He also describes it as the formal power buildings identified using traditional organizational charts. However, he continues with the aspect of an informal power buildings based on influence and knowledge. The technical law makes up second part of the dyad. This system, according to Lee (2000), is “machinery, processes, procedures and a bodily arrangement.”

A socio-technical system, abbreviated Sts for the remainder of this paper, is people and technology blended. Yet, this is a much too straightforward definition. Some elements of Sts are intimately interrelated; therefore, it is not easy to great items within a Sts as purely technical or purely social. Aldridge (2004) explains Sts as approaching organizational work groups as collective systems and macro collective systems. A third level of work observed is traditional work systems. The traditional work law according to Aldridge is one or more work units complicated in face-to-face work. Work units collaborate jointly and have preserve of management, relevant technology, resources, and workplace specialists. Aldridge includes the writings of Trist (1981) when defining macro collective systems, “…macro collective systems consist of systems in communities and whole business sectors as well as societal institutions” (Trist, 1981, pg. 11). The Sts organize in work groups is increasing productivity of the group and increasing job satisfaction straight through optimization of collective factors and integration with technical factors.

Elements of Sts

According to an anonymous description on Sts, the author explains some of the components integrated into a functional socio-technical system. Explained separately, each component has its own character; however, it is clear how intimately linked each is and overlaps the others.

• Hardware is computers and computing peripherals, the superior technology of Modern business. Organizations today do not exist without some kind of computing network, connecting wires, routers, and personel workstations.

• Software includes operating systems (Windows, Unix, Apple, etc). As technology advances, it is increasingly difficult to detach hardware and software. Software varies based on organizational needs; yet software allows fellowships to originate data for storage on hardware devices. The software often runs from the same hardware devices used for storage. Software facilitates collective interaction by allowing distantly remote people an opportunity to message each other in roughly real-time.

• Physical surroundings (physical setting) help organize the collective and technical rules of engagement. Building with an open floor plan and open desk arrangement allows open collective interaction among workers. buildings with offices separating workers sacrifice interaction. Managers with an inner sanctum guarded by a secretary’s office organize a hierarchy of power.

• People, by name and by title, make up an integral part of any club culture, collective environment. Within an club people have roles they play, positions they work in, and ancillary roles they exercise. Within their roles, they use their surrounds with hardware and software to preserve their roles.

• Procedures define operational procedures in an organization. Procedures are statements of rules and norms formally written. Outside the formal written procedural statements are unofficial ties to data flow and reporting relationships. Procedures attempt to define culture in a Sts but the informal norms and behaviors are equally foremost to understand when developing a Sts model.

• Laws and regulations are similar to procedures but inflict stronger collective sanctions when violated.

• Data and data structures in Sts involve collection and storage of an organization’s information. Additionally, this element explains data use, retrieval, or presentation for use.

An organization’s socio-technical law supports the business as a great place to work. More than that, Sts is a key factor to supporting leadership initiatives, vision, and values. Observed in 1949 in Great Britain, researchers developed socio-technical systems in South Yorkshire coalmines. They saw the technical improvements in mining coal combined with very motivated work groups who self-regulated and collaborated intimately became more efficient than traditional work groups with the same technological improvements. Someone else observation was the self-regulated and collaborative teams were more cooperative among themselves, performing multiple tasks rather than one man one job, and committed to Ortgeist (spirit of the place) (Aldridge, 2004).

Sts Applied Organizationally

A modern Internet quest found the U.S. Federal Aviation supervision Logistic Center’s statement of beliefs and commitments. Not all cited here; however, these premium ones reinforce concepts of socio-technical systems.

• Results Oriented – The Logistics town constantly drives for results and success. We drive issues to closure, persist despite obstacles and opposition, and verbalize a high energy level. Our employees easily put in the needed time and attempt to achieve results.

• Innovation – The future of the Logistics town is assured only as long as it welcomes and rewards innovation, creativity, and resourcefulness. We recognize “trial and error” as being elements of innovation and continuous improvement. Innovation has been the cause of success for the Logistics Center.

• Quality – We provide the best potential in all of our products and services. Our goal is to exceed manufactures benchmarks.

• People – people are our most foremost resource. We respect the individual’s dignity and value their contributions. We invest in training and study to give our employees the tools to make the Logistics town a world-class organization.

• Teamwork and Collaboration – The Logistics town provides a confident and moving environment that supports the achievement of mission goals and fosters team spirit. We are partners with our customers, stakeholders, suppliers, and are committed to union/management partnerships.

• Integrity and Openness – The Logistics town values trust, sincerity, honesty, and candor in relationships both personally and organizationally. We encourage our employees to express ideas, opinions, and thoughts in an honest and genuine manner.

• Corporate Citizenship – The Logistics town values a confident corporate image and is sensitive to our corporate responsibilities to the community. We actively share and preserve society involvement.
In post-industrial organizations, Sts helps leaders originate constructs that are enabling, empowering, in turn, enabling and empowering accelerates communication, and studying and knowledge. Within the context of knowledge Building and knowledge, sharing, Sts, straight through collaboration, allows work groups’ flexibility to organize traditional work patterns and competing advantage.

Leaders Role in Sts

Davis (1996) urges successful leaders to lead as if the future is now. Accomplishing this means looking the final product rather than the processes of the product. Sts employs the right people and the right technology at the right time within a buildings that supports organizational values.
In an environment of rapid change, having a competing advantage allows organizational foresight. However, foresight requires maintaining core values. Socio-technical systems preserve organizational values by maintaining organizational memory and shared experiences. Memory and shared experiences provide views of where the club was while keeping everybody tracking toward future vision. An club with strong Sts standards uses their technology to preserve history, originate carrying out benchmarks, and organize knowledge and studying environments. Strong potential systems demonstrate teams’ abilities to eliminate obsolete practices while staying within the framework of traditional values.

Conclusion

Stated earlier, organizations are systems of interrelated parts with differing skills and skill levels. Sts, working within an organizations value law promotes wisely those with skills, knowledge, and ability. Additionally, Sts, working with the value system, provides workers with the tools needed to grow in the skills, knowledge, and abilities so they, too, can be promoted. Members of self-directed teams seek new or improved skills from within the Sts and straight through their interconnection with team members.
Self-directed teams improved productivity and commitment to the team and club in English coalmines in 1949 and self-directed teams continue being efficient and committed. Therefore, an club employing socio-technical systems can grow into the future, yet hold fast to its historical past and the values making the group viable.

References

Aldridge, J. W. (2004). AboutChange Solutions. Encyclopedia of Distributed studying (Isbn 0-7619-2451-5). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage Publications.
Anonymous, (no date). Why a Social-Technical System? Retrieved online January 12, 2006 from [http://www.computingcases.org/general_tools/sia/socio_tech_systems.html].

Anonymous, (1996 – May-June). Maintaining Organizational Memories. Tqm/Cci News. Retrieved January 22, 2006 from [http://www.grafix9000.com/documents/ccinews_organizational-memory.pdf].

Davis, S. (1996). future Perfect. Reading, Ma: Addison-Wesley.
Hill, C. W. L. & Jones, G. R. (1998). Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach. Boston, Ma: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Lee, Q., (2000). potential in the Balance: Six-Sigma – A Socio-Technical System. Retrieved online January 12, 2006 from [http://www.sixsigma.com/library/content/c020902a.asp].

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The art & institution of the studying organization. New York, Ny: Currency and Doubleday.

Trist, E. L. (1981). The evolution of socio-technical systems: A conceptual framework and an activity study program. Ontario potential of Working Life Center, Occasional Paper no. 2.

U. S. Federal Aviation supervision – Logistics Center. Organizational Values. Retrieved online January 22, 2006 from [http://www.logistics.faa.gov/StratPlan/values.htm].

Winston, B. (2002). Be a Leader for God’s Sake. Virginia Beach, Va: Regent University, School of Leadership Studies.

Wren, D. A. (2005). The History of supervision notion (5th Ed.) Hoboken, Nj: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader’s Companion: Insights on Leadership straight through the Ages. New York, Ny: The Free Press.

Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in Organizations (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, Nj: Pearson Education.

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